Morford - Lenardon - Classical Mythology, History and archaeology
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CLASSICAL
MYTHOLOGY
Third Edition
Copyright
O
1971, 1977, 1985 by Longman Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior permission of the publisher. For information address Longman Inc.,
95 Church Street, White Plains, NY 10601.
First published, 1971, and 1977 by David McKay Company, Inc.
Developmental Editor:
Gordon T.
R.
Anderson
Production Editor:
Jennifer Barber
Design:
Gloria Moyer
Production Supervisor:
Anne Musso
Cover Art:
AURORA, artist unknown. New England, ca.
1820. Watercolor and gold paper collage on silk.
This picture, called Chariot in the Clouds in the
1930s, was more narrowly defined in the 1950s as Venus
Drawn by Doves on the assumption that the unidentified
goddess has some connection with the sailing ship. Aph-
rodite, assimilated into Roman mythology as Venus, was
said by Hesiod to have been born of the foam of the sea.
The Levantines believed she had the power to protect
ships on their voyages. However, two similar composi-
tions since discovered identify the figure as Aurora, god-
dess of the dawn. Known to the Greeks as Eos, Aurora
was usually depicted drawn by horses; research has not
yet revealed the circumstances by which she came to be
drawn by birds in these four closely related depictions.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Morford, Mark
P.
O.,
1929-
Classical mythology.
1.
Mythology, Classical.
I.
Lenardon, Robert
J.,
1928-
.
11.
Title.
BL722.M67 1985
292'. 13
85-1 1394
ISBN
0-582-28541-0
Dedicated to the memory of
WILLIAM
ROBERTJONES,
teacher, scholar, and friend
CONTENTS
Figures
vii
Illustrations
.........................................
ix
.............................................
.............................................
Preface
..........................
xi
Preface to the Second Edition
xiii
............................
Preface to the First Edition
xv
Introduction
........................................
1
Part I-The Myths of Creation: The Gods
..............................
.........
29
2
Zeus' Rise to Power: The Creation of Man
43
3
The Twelve Olympians: Zeus. Hera. and Their
Children
......................................
68
..........
4
Anthropomorphism and Greek Humanism
82
5
Poseidon. Sea Deities. Group Divinities. and
Monsters
....................................
100
........................................
6
Athena
.............................
107
7
Aphrodite and Eros
114
.......................................
8 Artemis
143
........................................
9
Apollo
154
Hermes
.......................................
179
...............
10
11
Dionysus. Pan. Echo. and Narcissus
............
197
12
Demeter and the Eleusinian Mysteries
228
.........
13
Views of the Afterlife: The Realm of Hades
249
...........................
14
Orpheus and Orphism
282
15
TheThebanSaga
295
16 The Mycenaean Saga
...........................
315
................................
17
The Trojan Saga
...................................
323
18
The Returns
351
................
19 Perseus and the Legends of Argos
368
......................................
20
Heracles
380
.......
21
Theseus and the Legends of Attica and Crete
406
1
Myths of Creation
Part 11-The Greek Sagas: Greek Local Legends
...............................
vi
CONTENTS
23 LocalLegends
The Argonauts
.................................
429
.................................
444
Part 111-The Survival of Classical Mythology
..............................
Roman Mythology
...............
465
25
The Survival of Classical Mythology
499
............
26
Classical Mythology in Music and Film
522
Select Bibliography
..................................
541
Indexes
A Mythological and Historical Persons. Subjects. and
...................................
Authors. Artists. Composers. Subjects. and Titles
.....
567
22
24
B
Place Names
545
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